I’m a big planner/calendar/doodler person. And for the last few years, I’ve written the church seasons, feast days, and fast days into my calendar every week. Last week was a weird one.
It was the fourth week of Christmastide. It was the Fast of the Catechumens. There were no prescribed readings for Monday – Wednesday (the only days without readings in the whole year). There aren’t usually feast days during fasting weeks, but The Feast of the Presentation of the Lord was last Thursday. There aren’t usually saints days on Fridays, but there was a remembrance of the Prophet Jonah last week. The feast of St. Sarkis was on Saturday, and I’ve also seen the fasting week called the fast of St. Sarkis.
So, what’s going on?
- The Fast of the Catechumens is a moveable fast, and can take place anytime in the thirty-five days from January 11 to February 15. It is always three weeks before Lent, and ten weeks before Easter. The Feast of the Presentation of the Lord to the Temple is always on February 14th in the Armenian Church, 40 days after the Nativity. Sometimes, like this year, they overlap!
- When the Feast of the Presentation coincides with the Fast of the Catechumens, fasting is suppressed for that day. It’s a dominical feast, focused on Christ, so that takes precedence.
- Friday’s remembrance wasn’t actually a feast day or commemoration of the Prophet Jonah. Rather, it was the remembrance of Jonah’s preaching and Nineveh’s repentance. (I always thought it was notable that he was celebrated twice in a year, now I know!) This remembrance harkens back to the origins of the Fast of the Catechumens, when St. Gregory the Illuminator emerged from Khor Virap and directed the Armenian people to fast for five days in repentance, using Nineveh as an example.
- Jonah was actually celebrated with other prophets, the week before.
- The Feast of St. Sarkis is coincidentally always the Saturday after the Fast of the Catechumens. Many of the Shapatabakh fasts (5-days) are called by the name of the feast day that comes on Saturday, after the week of fasting. Interesting historical misunderstandings about this name, in the resources below.
- I’m not exactly sure why there were no readings for Monday – Wednesday, but it’s apparently a usual thing during the Fast of the Catechumens. I asked a Priest in passing, who said it was related to the tradition of catechumens fasting before their baptism, and not reading the Bible by themselves yet but listening to preaching. He also said this was one of the oldest fasts in the church, and may even have come from a Syrian or Aramaic tradition. (Hopefully he’ll follow-up and send me more information, because this is all super interesting.)
Resources:
- One of my favorite resources about fasting in the Armenian church is this PDF: https://www.google.com/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&url=http://www.stjohnsarmenianchurch.org/images/FAST.pdf&ved=2ahUKEwitsoODtK3gAhXGt1kKHcMWBT0QFjAFegQIAhAB&usg=AOvVaw3VtfWcaEHQCL36Ie2Fq_KF
- From “A Dictionary of the Armenian Church” by Malachia Ormanian:
“The Sunday which comes three weeks before Great Paregentan and ten weeks before Easter is known as Arachavoratz Sunday. It is always reckoned in relation to Easter, and similarly is movable in an interval of thirty-five days from January 11 to February 15. Five out of the seven days which follow this Sunday are called the Fast of the Catechumen. A strict fast is observed with total abstinence; even the celebration of the Divine Liturgy is discontinued as during Lent. The fifth day of the fast, that is, Friday, is assigned to Jonah’s preaching and Nineveh’s repentance, not as Prophet Jonah’s feast, but simply as an example of a great act of penitence. Shnorhali explains the designation of Arachavork as the initial fast, a commemoration of the fast initiated by St. Gregory the Illuminator, who after his release from Khor Virap began to evangelize, first by making the Armenian people observe five days of continuous fasting, so as to receive a similar healing grace and enlightenment, as in Nineveh’s repentance. It is the commemoration of this initial fast which has remained unchanged in our church, and which is not found in any other church. On the Saturday of this fast the memory of St. Sarkis is observed; the people therefore, often call it the fast of St. Sarkis. The Greek Orthodox not only have no fast during this week, they even discontinue ordinary fasts. At one time they disparaged the Armenians by saying that the Armenians had established the fast in remembrance of the death of the ass or dog or sorcerer named Sergius. Actually the fast is neither for a sorcerer named Sergius nor even for St. Sarkis the commander, the popularly applied name having resulted from a coincidence of the two dates. The designation “Arachavoratz” may be interpreted also as the first part of the fasts related to Easter. Under any circumstance, the significance and meaning of the initial fast established by the Illuminator is more acceptable.”








